中国手语的羡余性及对手语翻译的启示

羡余性被认为是语言的一大本质属性,手语也具有羡余性.与汉语的羡余性相比,中国手语的羡余性主要有三方面的特点,一是兼具时间线条性和空间共时性的呈现特点,二是常常体现出汉语对中国手语的接触影响作用,三是与手语的表义特点有关.在汉语手译时,可利用增译和加注、表情和口动等羡余手段以处理汉语生僻词、新生词和难解词的翻译,以完足语义,减少歧义;还应简省处理汉语的羡余表达,以达到最佳翻译效果;另外,在手语汉译时需要增加必要的羡余信息以符合汉语表达习惯.     

一种基于HMM模型改进的地图匹配算法

针对轨迹数据在线地图匹配中难以同时保障算法的准确率和时间效率的问题, 提出一种基于隐马尔科夫模型(HMM)改进的在线地图匹配算法, 并提出综合距离因素和方向因素计算发射概率的方法。与其他全局或者局部算法的不同之处在于, 改进的在线地图匹配算法引入可靠点进行轨迹分割, 减少了转移概率的计算和匹配结果的输出延时。用西雅图市浮动车的轨迹数据进行算法的实验验证, 结果表明, 与传统的HMM地图匹配算法相比, 改进的算法在准确率和时间效率上更优, 能够满足在线地图匹配的需求。     

Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

Improved hemimorphite flotation using xanthate as a collector with S(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) activation

The flotation of hemimorphite using the S(Ⅱ)–Pb(Ⅱ)–xanthate process,which includes sulfidization with sodium sulfide,activation by lead cations,and subsequent flotation with xanthate,was investigated.The flotation results indicated that hemimorphite floats when the S(Ⅱ)–Pb(Ⅱ)–xanthate process is used; a maximum recovery of approximately 90% was obtained.Zeta-potential,contact-angle,scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry(SEM–EDS),and diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) measurements were used to characterize the activation products on the hemimorphite surface and their subsequent interaction with sodium butyl xanthate(SBX).The results showed that a Zn S coating formed on the hemimorphite surface after the sample was conditioned in an Na2 S solution.However,the formation of a Zn S coating on the hemimorphite surface did not improve hemimorphite flotation.With the subsequent addition of lead cations,Pb S species formed on the mineral surface.The formation of the Pb S species on the surface of hemimorphite significantly increased the adsorption capacity of SBX,forming lead xanthate(referred to as chemical adsorption) and leading to a substantial improvement in hemimorphite flotation.Our results indicate that the addition of lead cations is a critical step in the successful flotation of hemimorphite using the sulfidization–lead ion activation–xanthate process.     

基于频率的Read Mapping种子选择算法

选择具有最低频率的最优种子是一个复杂的计算问题,往往需要很长时间.提出了一种read的基于频率的合并种子选择算法(FMSS),该算法能够高效地选择接近最优的种子集合,可用于改善现有映射工具的性能.实验对比了平均种子选择方法和当前最优的种子选择策略(OSS,optimal seed solver),结果显示FMSS算法能够用很少的时间代价给出接近OSS的最优种子集合,这表明FMSS算法可集成到现有映射工具中用于处理更大规模的read mapping问题.     

基于空地协同采样的植被覆盖度随机森林估算方法

基于无人机高光谱影像, 建立地形复杂地区植被覆盖度的非参数随机森林回归估算模型。为获得构建随机森林模型所需的足够数量的训练样本, 利用低空无人机搭载的光学相机, 在从地面难以到达的山地、水域和植被茂密区, 通过垂直拍摄获得厘米分辨率的航拍影像, 作为对地面样方采样的补充。首先计算地面数码相机照片和无人机可见光影像的红绿蓝植被指数(red-green-blue vegetation index, RGBVI), 然后使用大津分割法提取样方的植被覆盖信息, 得到构建模型所需的训练样本。在此基础上, 基于2018年8月16—18日在内蒙古自治区察右中旗油娄沟矿区获取的GaiaSky-mini2无人机高光谱影像数据, 利用递归特征消除算法优选参与随机森林回归的特征变量集, 利用空地协同获取的训练样本构建植被覆盖度的随机森林回归估算模型。该模型在测试集上的确定系数R2为0.923, 均方根误差为0.087, 优于常用的像元二分模型, 可用于矿区植被动态信息的精细化监测。     

县域景观特征管理单元划分方法——以武胜县为例

为了解决目前国内景观特征研究多以大尺度为主且以自然条件为基础, 缺少实际管理意义的问题, 尝试从县域层面进行景观特征单元的划分, 并与现有行政管理单元相结合, 提出发展建议。依据武胜县30 m高程、坡度和土地利用数据, 将武胜县域划分为100 m×100 m的栅格网络, 利用 ArcGIS和SPSS进行二阶聚类分析。结果显示, 武胜县可以划分为7类景观特征管理单元, 单元内部自然地理特征相似, 组间差异显著。将武胜县按聚类结果划分为较单一镇域、较单一村域和较复杂村域 3 种不同的管理模式, 并分析较复杂村域的成因, 提出管理策略。最后, 从景观特征保护出发, 对武胜县 7 处建成区提出规划管理建议。     

Dashnic-Zusmanovich+矩阵线性互补问题解的误差界估计

利用Dashnic-Zusmanovich₊矩阵的定义,通过不等式放缩技巧和Dashnic-Zusmanovich矩阵逆的无穷范数估计式得到Dashnic-Zusmanovich₊矩阵线性互补问题解的误差界.     

基于共价有机框架的仿生光动力学治疗试剂的构建

共价有机框架（COF）是一类新兴的多孔有机聚合物，因其具有较大的比表面积、有序的孔道结构以及良好的生物相容性，已成为具有潜力的纳米药物载体.制备了基于COF纳米颗粒的仿生纳米复合物，负载光敏剂孟加拉玫瑰红（RB），并包裹癌细胞膜（CMV）对该复合物进行仿生修饰.结果表明：制备的COF/RB@CMV纳米复合物具有良好的生物兼容性，能够被肿瘤细胞有效摄取，并在光照激活条件下产生对细胞具有高毒性的活性氧化物（ROS），进而起到了杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用.提出了一种新的基于COF的仿生纳米平台用作光动力学治疗（PDT）试剂.